If a Job Consists of a Batch of Identicalã¢â‚¬â€¹ Units, How Can Managers Find the Unitã¢â‚¬â€¹ Cost?
Resolving conflicts between workers is also a leadership task. Good managers atomic number 82 by example. This is especially important when leading a squad. Showing respect to others, honesty, loyalty, courtesy, and a stiff work ethic tin take a positive effect on employees. Managers who show motivation, initiative, cooperation, and punctuality demonstrate to employees the importance of each person�south contribution. Decision-making Decision-making involves measuring how the business organisation performs to ensure that financial and operational goals are met. Controlling the performance ways keeping the visitor on track and making certain goals are met. Managers keep track of the budget, the schedule, and the quality of the products or services they provide. They also monitor their employees and review their operation according to standards. Taking corrective action when goals are not met is some other direction task. Controlling as well involves monitoring customer satisfaction. Your marketing manager can measure the success of your comic volume by studying sales figures and reviews. You might detect out your comic book sold well in certain parts of the state but sold poorly in others. If you comic book is more popular with adults than children, yous might want to develop a new marketing plan. A claiming for many managers, especially in small businesses, is dealing with multiple objectives, each at a unlike functional level. For instance, suppose your company�southward director discusses plans to produce a new comic book with the marketing and production teams. The director directs the marketing team to inquiry the national and global markets for comic books. The managing director also tells the production team to gear up to produce the new production. Vocabulary to create � ���������; ���������, ����������� to hire � �������� to train � ������� to fire � ��������� � ������ (� ���������) tool � ����������; ������������; ������, �������� to require � ��������� to fulfill � ���������; ������, ���������, ������������, ��������� to inspire � ������������, ����������� to set a standard � ������������� �������� / ����� to enforce � ������������, ��������� � ���������� to provide feedback � ������������ �������� ����� contribution � �����, ����� to keep track of smth. � ������� �� ���-�. operation � ����������; ������; ������������������; ���������� ������������ client � ������, ����������� team � �������, ������ i. Write the transcription of the words and train their pronunciation. create strategy equipment require guide guidance inspire enforce policy contribution ensure budget quality schedule measure talk over 2. Form derivatives of the following words and translate them into Russian. Memorize the words and use 1 from each grouping in a judgement of your own. Example: dissimilar (���������, ������, ������, ����) → difference (�������, �������, ��������) → to differ (����������, �����������) → differential (������� � ������ �����) → differently (��-�������, �����; ��������, ��-�������) → differentia (������������� ��������, ������������� ������� ���� ��� ������) → differentiate (���������, ��������� ��������; ����������������) to create, orderly, functional, to train, guidance, fulfill, to inspire, respect, to measure, to contribute. plete the table. Verb Substantive to cooperate cooperation to focus training to guide to solve brute initiative to delegate inspiration to monitor to accomplish coordination to discuss enforcement to research evolution to crave motivation success to manage 4. Interpret the following words and word combinations . 1) ������������ �������� �����������; two) ��������� ��������� �����������; 3) ���������� (���������) ���������� ����������� ��������; four) ��������� �� ������ � ������� ����������; 5) ���������� � ���������������� ����������; 6) ���������� ��������� ���� �����������; 7) ���������� (�������������) ���������; viii) ������������ (����������) ����������; 9) ��������������� ���������; 10) ����������; xi) ������� ���������� � ����� (������ � �����, �������� ����������); 12) ���������������� ������������� ������������ (���� �� ����� ���������); 13) �������������� �������; 14) ������� ���������� � ������� �����; 15) �������� � ������� ����� �������. v. Fill in prepositions or particle to where necessary and translate the sentences into Russian. 1. Most managers conduct � four different functions � management: planning, organizing and staffing, leading, and controlling. ii. Some managers may primarily focus � one or two � them. 3. Planning involves figuring � the resources. 4. Managers are responsible � making certain employees take all the tools they need � do their jobs well. 5. Practiced management also requires � practiced leadership vi. You take � create a vision � the visitor � inspire your employees. 7. Managers too take � delegate � piece of work. 8. A challenge � many managers, peculiarly � modest businesses, is dealing � multiple objectives, each � a dissimilar functional level. half-dozen. Read the text again and reply the questions on it. one. How many functions do managers carry out? What are they? 2. What does planning involve? 3. What does a manager practice while carrying out his organizing function? 4. What types of activities does leading involve? 5. What is the function of decision-making? 7. The word motivation (syn.: incentive, motive) has the following equivalents in Russian: ������������� ������ , ����� , ������ ( �� , ��� ��������� �������� � �������� ). � ) Friction match the phrases from column A with their Russian equivalents in column B. A B i. to keep up motivation �. ������������� ��������� 2. human motivation b. ��������� ����� � ������� (������������� ������� ��- ������� � ��������� ��� ��������� �����������) iii. source of motivation c. ���������� ��������� 4. secondary motivation d. ������� ��������� 5. primary motivation east. �������� ��������� 6. intrinsic (internal) motivation f. ������������ ��������� 7. personal motivation g. ��������� ��������� viii. motivation intensity h. ��������� ��������� nine. employee motivation i. ������������ ��������� 10. squad motivation j. ���������� ���������, ������ �����, ����� ������� ��������� 11. carrot and stick motivation k. ��������� ��������� 12. motivation pattern l. �������������� ������ (�������, ����������) 13. extrinsic (external) motivation m. ��������� ���������� (�����) � ) Use seven word combinations from column A in sentences of your own. Example: People who are intrinsically motivated piece of work on tasks because they detect them enjoyable. eight. The give-and-take planning has the following equivalents in Russian : ������������, ��������������, ����������� ����� (�������, ���������); ���������� ������ ������������ ����������� (���� �� ������� �����������). � ) Match the phrases from column A with their Russian equivalents in column B. � � one. planning of objectives a. ������ ������������ ii. planning authorization b. ������������ ������� iii. planning procedure c. ������������������ ������������ 4. planning committee d. ������������ ����� five. business organization planning e. ���� ������������ 6. planning group f. ������������ � ����- �������� �������� 7. planning of profit thou. ������� ������������ eight. planning sequence h. ������� ������������ 9. planning stage i. ������� ������������ 10. production planning j. ���������� �� �����- ������� 11. planning analyst k. ������ ������������ 12. planning under incertitude fifty. ������� �� ������������ xiii. planning under dynamic m. ������� ������������ conditions 14. planning cycle n. �������� ������� xv. planning area o. ������� ������������ 16. planning organization p. ������������ � �������� ���������������� 17. planning estimates q. ��������� ������ � ������������ 18. planning function r. ���� ������������ 19. planning flow s. ������������ ������������ 20. inaccurate planning t. ������-������������ (����������� ������-�����) � ) Utilise ten word combinations from column A in sentences of your own. 9. Fill up in the table with major functions of direction given in the box. to influence employees, to motivate, to evaluate performance, to coordinate resources, to set objectives, to solve problems, to set standards of work, to obtain resources, to guide people, to resolve conflicts, to brand long-term plans, to monitor client satisfaction, to cut the staffing, to show respect to others, accurate planning, carrot and stick motivation, to review performance, to delegate work, to inspire employees Planning Organizing and Staffing Leading Controlling to show respect to others 10. Brand up a dialogue discussing the functions of management and their significance. UNIT iii. PUBLIC MANAGEMENT Forms of Business concern Organization Sole Proprietorship There are three principal forms of business organization: the sole proprietorship, the partnership, and the corporation. The simplest course of business organization is the sole proprietor�ship, which is owned by one person. Many pocket-sized businesses offset out as sole proprietorships. The owner has relatively unlimited control over the business organisation and keeps all the profits. These firms are commonly owned by ane person who has mean solar day-to-day responsibleness for running the business. Sole proprietors own all the assets of the business organisation and the profits gener�ated by it. They also have complete responsibility for whatsoever of its liabili�ties or debts. In case of breach of contract the business property and personal avails of the owner may be taken to pay judgments for dam�ages awarded past courts. Sole proprietorships are the most numerous course of business orga�nization. No charter and let are needed and at that place are no particular legal requirements for organizing or conducting a sole proprietorship. When started, many sole proprietorships are conducted out of the owner's home, garage, or van and inventory may exist limited and may of�ten be purchased on credit. Advantages of a sole proprietorship 1. Easiest and to the lowest degree expensive grade of ownership to organize. two. Sole proprietors are in consummate control of business, and within the law, may brand any decisions. three. Sole proprietors receive all income from the business organization to proceed or reinvest. iv. Profits from the business flow-through directly to the possessor's personal taxation return. five. The business is easy to deliquesce, if desired. Disadvantages of a sole proprietorship i. Sole proprietors have unlimited liability and are legally respon�sible for all debts confronting the business. Their business concern and personal as�sets are at risk. ii. Sole proprietors may be at a disadvantage in raising funds and are oftentimes express to using funds from personal savings. 3. Sole proprietors may take a hard fourth dimension attracting high-caliber employees, or those that are motivated by the opportunity to own a function of the business. Principal Features of a Sole Proprietorship: (+) Easy to organize (+) Owner has consummate control (+) Owner receives all income (-) Owner has unlimited liability (-) Benefits are not concern deductions Vocabulary feature � ����������� sole proprietorship � ����������� �������� �������� owner � ��������; �����������, ������ unlimited liability � �������������� ��������������� income � ����� benefit � ������, ������� deductions � ���������� advantage � ������������ disadvantage � ����������, ���������� to run a business concern � ����� ����, ��������� ������������ inside the police force assets � � ������ ������ liabilities � ��������, �����, ������, ��������� debt [det] � �����, �������� �������������, ���� alienation of contract � ��������� ��������� to start out � �������� ���������������� ������������ legal requirements � �������� ����������� inventory � �����������-���������������� ������ charter � ��������, ����������� �������� �������� permit � ���������� to raise funds � ���������� �����, ������������ �������� personal tax return � ������ ��������� ���������� 1. Answer the questions on the text. i. What are the three principal forms of business organisation? 2. What is a sole proprietorship? 3. What are the advantages of sole proprietor�ship? 4. What are the disadvantages of sole proprietorship? 5. What are the master positive and negative features of a sole proprietorship? 2. Read and translate the following sentences. Brand them agile, adding a subject if necessary. 1. The sole proprietor�ship is owned by i person. two. In case of breach of contract the concern property and personal avails of the owner may be taken to pay judgments for dam�ages awarded past courts. iii. No lease and permit are needed. iv. Sole proprietors are frequently limited to using funds from personal savings. 5. Employees are motivated past the opportunity to own a office of the business. half dozen. Many sole proprietorships are conducted out of the owner's home, garage, or van. 7. Inventory may be express and may of�ten exist purchased on credit. 3. Read and interpret. Make the following sentences passive. one. Many small businesses starting time out equally sole proprietorships. 2. The owner keeps all the profits of the business concern. 3. Sole proprietors ain all the assets of the business and the profits gener�ated by it. 4. Sole proprietor, and within the law, may make whatever decisions. 5. Sole proprietors receive all income from the business organization to keep or reinvest. 6. The business is easy to dissolve. 4. Make full in the appropriate words given below. Translate. Sole proprietorship, employer identification number, seizing, breach of contract, insurance, limited liability corporation, personal Social Security number, liability, business organization, employees, ends, the Internal Revenue Service, incorporation A � is the easiest course of � to brainstorm past a single *****les for sole proprietorships practice not let �. Considering the concern is unincorporated and also is not a..., the personal avails of the sole proprietor and the business assets are i and the same for � purposes. Adequate � or other protection is of import because claims against the business organization could event in � of a home. Another remedy for � can be "damages" or bounty of money. Sole proprietors must file diverse tax forms with � and pay any taxes due. The sole proprietor does non file taxes under an � similar other businesses do but rather nether his �. Decease is an expanse where a sole proprietorship may exist definition, a sole proprietorship � with the proprietor's death. The business is sold to a new owner or is reorganized into another form, such as �. 5. Translate the following text into English. �������������� ����������� � �������� ������� ����� ������� ������� � ���. ��� ������ ������, ��� �������, ��������������� ������ ����������� ������ ���������. �������� ���������� ���� ����� ����������� � �������������� ��������������� ����������, ������� �������� �� ����� ����������� ���� ����� ����������. �������� �������� �� ����������. ������ ���������� ���������� �������� ����������� �������. ��� ������ ��������������� ����������� ������������� ��������� �������� ��� ���������. � ������ ������ ��� ���������������� ��������� ���������� �������������� �������� ��������. 6. Read the text once more and write a short essay on: Sole Proprietorships, their advantages and disadvantages, using some additional information. Partnership In a partnership, ii or more people share ownership of a single business organization. Similar proprietorships, the constabulary does non distinguish between the business and its owners. The partners should have a legal concord�ment that sets forth how decisions will be fabricated, profits will be shared, disputes will be resolved, how future partners will be admitted to the partnership, how partners can be bought out, or what steps volition exist taken to deliquesce the partnership when needed. Many partnerships split upwards at crisis times. They as well must decide up front end how much time and capital each volition contribute, etc. Advantages of a partnership one. Partnerships are relatively easy to establish; even so partners should develop the partnership understanding. ii. With more than i owner, the ability to raise funds may be in�creased. 3. The profits from the business flow direct through to the office�ners' personal taxation returns. four. Prospective employees may be attracted to the business if given the incentive to become a partner. 5. The business organization usually will do good from partners who have complementary piece of work skills. Disadvantages of a partnership 1. Partners are jointly and individually liable for the actions of the other partners. two. Profits must be shared with others. 3. Since decisions are shared, disagreements tin can occur. 4. The partnership may accept a limited life; information technology may end upon the withdrawal or decease of a partner. There be unlike types of partnerships: 1. General partnership Partners separate responsibleness for management and liability, too as the shares of turn a profit or loss co-ordinate to their internal agreement. Equal shares are causeless unless there is a written agreement that states differently. two. Limited partnership and partnership with express liability "Limited" means that most of the partners have limited liability (to the extent of their investment) likewise every bit express management decisions, which by and large encourages investors for short term pro�jects, or for investing in capital avails. This course of buying is not often used for operating retail or service businesses. Forming a lim�ited partnership is more circuitous and formal than that of a general partnership. 3. Joint venture Joint venture acts similar a general partnership, only it is formed for a limited period of fourth dimension or a single project. If the partners in a articulation ven�ture echo the activity, they will be recognized every bit a continuing function�nership and distribute accumulated partnership assets upon dissolution of the entity. Principal Features of a partnership: (+) Easy to organize, but needs understanding (+) Partners receive all income (-) Partners have unlimited liability (-) Partners may disagree (-) Life of business may be limited Vocabulary partnership � ������������, ����������� (����������������� �����, ������� ������� � ������� ���������� ��� ���� ��� �����) full general partnership � �������� � �������������� ���������������� express partnership � ������������ � ������������ ���������������� to distinguish � ���������, ��������� �������� to set forth � ��������, ������������� legal understanding � ����������� ���������� complementary � ����������, �������������� capital assets � one) �������� ����� (������, ������, ����������, ������������ � �. �.); 2) ��������� �������� retail � ��������� ������� to the extent of � �� �������, � �������� share � ����, �����; �����; ����� withdrawal � ���� joint venture � ���������� ����������� to dissolve the partnership � ������������, ���������� ����������� dissolution of the entity � ���������� �������������� ������� ane . Reply the questions on the text: 1. What is a partnership? 2. What is the deviation between the limited partnership and general partnership? 3. What are the advantages of partnership? 4. What are the disadvantages of partnership? 5. What is a joint venture? vi. What should partners accept to be able to run their business? 2. Gauge what is meant by the following: 1. A negotiated and typically legally bounden arrangement between parties as to a course of activeness. 2. A business or firm endemic and run by two or more partners. 3. Property endemic by a person or company that is purchased for long-term use and is non likely to be converted quickly into cash, such as land, buildings, and equipment. 4. An association of persons who are all personally liable for any legal deportment and debts the company may face. 5. The maximum amount a person participating in a business can lose or be charged in example of claims against the company or its bankruptcy. six. An association of two or more individuals or companies engaged in a lonely concern enterprise for profit without actual partnership or incorporation. 7. A affair that motivates or encourages ane to practice something. 8. A special type of partnership which is very common when people need funding for a business, or when they are putting together an investment in a real estate development. ix. The sale of goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale. ten. One of the equal parts into which a company's capital is divided, entitling the holder to a proportion of the profits. 11. The closing down or dismissal of an assembly, partnership, or official torso. three. Find in the text sentences containing the following Participles and interpret them into Russian in writing. 1. � employees � if given the incentive� 2. � a written agreement� 3. �limited management decisions � 4. � a continuing partnership� 5. �accumulated partnership assets � 4. Translate the phrases into English language and compose sentences with them. ane. �������, ����������� ����������; ��������, ����������� �������; 2. ������, �������������� ����� ��������������; ������������, ����������� ���������������; 3. ����, ��������������� ����������; ��������, ��������������� ����; 4. ����������, ������������ � ������; ������, ������������ �����������; v. ������������ ���������������; ���������� �������, �������������� ���������������; 6. ����������� ��������; ��������, ������������� ��������. 5. Make full in with the appropriate words given below. Translate. Partnership, investments, business organization, equal responsibility, debts and liabilities, general partners, share, management, tax payments, debts, limited partners, profits and losses, income taxes, income and deductions, individual tax render A � is a type of unincorporated business concern arrangement in which multiple individuals, called �, manage the � and are every bit liable for its�. Other individuals, called �, may invest merely not be straight involved in � and are liable only to the extent of their �. Unlike a Limited Liability Company or a corporation, in a partnership each partner shares � for the company'due south �, and its �. The partnership itself does not pay �, but each partner has to written report their � of business profits or losses on their �. Estimated � are also necessary for each of the partners for the yr in progress. Partnerships must file a return on Form 1065 showing �. Estimated tax payments are also required if they expect their income to be greater than $1,000. 6. Translate the following text into English. ������������ � ��� ��������������-�������� �����, ��� ������� �������� ������� ��� ��� ����� ���������. ��� ���� ����������� ��������� � ����� ������� ������������� ����������. ���� ������� ������������ ������ �� ������� ��� ������ � �������� ���� �����������, ������ �������� ������������ ���������� ��������������, �� �� ���� ��������, �������������� �������. ������������� ������ ������������ � ������������ ���������������� �������� ��, ��� � ������� �� �������� ����������� ��������� �� ������ ������ ����������� �������� ������ ����� ����� ������. ������ ��������� �������� ����������������. ��� ��������� ������������ �������� (����������) ������� �� �������������� ������ � ������-����������. ��� ���� ������ ����� ��������������� ����� ������������ ���� ����� ����������, � ������ � ������ � �������� ������, ���� ������ ����������� � ����������. ����� ��������, ��� ������������ �������� ����������� ������ ��� ������ ����� �������, �������� ��� ���, ������� ������� ����� ��������� �������, ������� ������ ��������� �� ������� ��� �� ������. seven. Read the text once more than and write a brusque essay on: Partnerships, their types, their advantages and disadvantages, using some additional information. Corporation A corporation is chartered past the state in which it has headquar�ters. It is considered past police to be a unique entity, separate and apart from those who own it. A corporation can be taxed; it tin exist sued; information technology tin can enter into contractual agreements. The owners of a corporation are its shareholders. The shareholders elect a board of directors to oversee the major policies and decisions. The corporation has a life of its own and does not dissolve when buying changes. Advantages of a Corporation i. Shareholders take limited liability for the corporation'southward debts or judgments confronting the corporations. 2. Generally, shareholders can only be held accountable for their investment in stock of the company. (Note however, that offi�cers can be held personally liable for their actions, such as the failure to withhold and pay employment taxes.) 3. Corporations can enhance additional funds through the sale of stock. Disadvantages of a Corporation ane. The process of incorporation requires more time and coin than other forms of arrangement. ii. Corporations are monitored by federal, state and some local agencies, and equally a result may have more paperwork to comply with regulations. 3. Incorporating may upshot in higher overall taxes. Dividends paid to shareholders are not deductible form concern income, thus this income tin can be taxed twice. Main features a Corporation: (+) Shareholders take limited liability (+) Can enhance funds through sale of stock (+) Life of business is unlimited (continuity of life) (-) To incorporate a business firm takes fourth dimension and money (-) May result in higher overall taxes Vocabulary incorporation � 1) �����������, ����������; 2) ����������� ���������� entity � ����������� headquarters � ������� ��������� (�����) to be sued � �������������� � �������� ������� shareholders � ���������, �������, ��������� ����� stock � ����� contractual understanding � ��������, ������� to oversee � ���������, �������
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